[小綠前言:]
美國才不是領導全球經濟復甦之霸權,
美國是領導全球印鈔大戰,及全球泡沫經濟之霸權。
泡沫經濟之王,美國是也。
印鈔廠之王,美國是也。
美國跟日本的困境一模一樣,
要通脹來,但通脹來,無可避免地債券
殖利率要補償債券持有人,美國才不是領導全球經濟復甦之霸權,
美國是領導全球印鈔大戰,及全球泡沫經濟之霸權。
泡沫經濟之王,美國是也。
印鈔廠之王,美國是也。
美國跟日本的困境一模一樣,
要通脹來,但通脹來,無可避免地債券
但是政府及整個經濟體全靠著更多借貸來維生,將無法負擔債務之本息,
這將陷入兩難困境,
利率升高,債務經濟將會滅頂,
但要印鈔,又不可能不利率升高。
只好來大絕招,印鈔,卻又想辦法給大家,未來FED將停止印鈔的預期,
這樣就可以繼續享受印鈔的好處,但印鈔的壞處將"暫時"不存在。
不過這種真空狀態也只是暫時,
畢竟,若要停止印鈔預期持續存在,時間到了FED就一定要真的停止印鈔,
否則這段期間,與期間結束後的仍然繼續印鈔,
將會反向爆發這段期間中,壓抑許久的停止印鈔預期。
[前言結束,正文開始]
美國的官方失業率,一般都使用U3。所有市場上的分析師,都是拿U3在分析美國失業率。
眾分析師看到U3失業率下降,就以為復甦已經來臨,印鈔救經濟有效果,QE要退場了,美元要回歸強勢了。
美國官方失業率圖形,也就是U3的圖形。[圖01]
取自美國勞工部
若單純以U3失業率來看,任何人看到這種失業率圖形,您想不承認美國正在復甦都很難。若美國真實的失業率是長成這個樣子,雖然復甦的速度不快,但就圖形來看,美國確切是在復甦。只不過,U3這個數字,不是美國真實的失業率。
U3失業率有什麼問題? 問題一大堆!
1.不管您一個月工作22天,工作10天,工作1天,甚至只要工作1個小時,您都不算是失業。您一個月只要發傳單一個小時,您就算是有工作。不管您工作多少天,一個月拿多少錢,都算有工作。
2.真正最嚴重的是,U3失業率的計算,分母是用勞動力。若長期失業者越來越多,但工作人口不變,則失業率反而會越來越低。換言之,只要越來越多人被社會給拋棄,越來越多人長期找不到工作,失業率卻反而會因此變得更低。
3.反過來說,在U3的計算當中,一個人很難長期地待在失業的族群當中。只要您一失業,要不就是您很快就找到工作,於是脫離失業。或是,您變成了長期失業者,於是被排除在失業率的計算當中。若您是長期失業者,則失業率計算就當作沒您這個人。這就是U3計算的基礎。
失業率計算,所有的人,只分為三類人,1.Employed 2.Unemployed 3.Jobless。
但失業率的計算中,任何失業者,都很難長久待在Unemployed這群人裡面,因為失業率計算的定義裡面,您要很積極去尋找工作,且仍然找不到工作者,且沒有長時間想找工作都找不到,這樣您才能算是Unemployed。
若您不積極去尋找工作,或是政府沒有證明出來您很積極去尋找工作,或您已經找工作找很久了但都找不到,則您就被當成是Jobless,而Jobless是不被算進去失業率的分母裡的。換言之,您不是個失業率計算裡面的人。失業率並沒有包含您。
換句話說,您若長久找不到工作,或是不認真找工作,則失業率計算中,就當成您已經退休了。
“退休”?
對,您已經退休了。
您不算失業,但您也沒有工作。所以就定義而言,政府當您是已經光榮地退休了!
所以很多美國人,被迫”退休”了。因為政府就當這些沒有很認真找工作的人,政府假設他們已經存夠了可以退休的財富,
所以光榮地”退休”了!
很多年輕人,很多中年失業者,都提早退休,變成了”退休享樂”一族。只不過這些人享受的,卻不是他們自己所儲蓄累積的退休金,享受的卻是美國的社會福利,開始吃免費的失業福利,還有殘障福利大鍋飯。(很多美國長期失業者,因失業福利有期限,不能一輩子吃失業福利,於是許多人吃完了失業福利,開始改吃殘障福利,美國吃殘障福利的門檻很低,許多人裝瘋賣傻,假裝自己是殘障,吃殘障福利)
請問,這是經濟復甦的象徵嗎?
美國官方主要的6種失業率:
失業率類型
|
定義
|
U1
|
Percentage of labor force unemployed 15 weeks or longer.
|
U2
|
Percentage of labor force who lost jobs or completed temporary work.
|
U3(官方失業率就是這種)
|
Official unemployment rate per ILO definition.
|
U4
|
U3 + "discouraged workers", or those who have stopped looking for work because current economic conditions make them believe that no work is available for them.
|
U5
|
U4 + other "marginally attached workers", or "loosely attached workers", or those who "would like" and are able to work, but have not looked for work recently.
|
U6
|
U5 + Part time workers who want to work full time, but cannot due to economic reasons.
The U6 unemployment rate counts not only people without work seeking full-time employment (the more familiar U-3 rate), but also counts "marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons." Note that some of these part-time workers counted as employed by U-3 could be working as little as an hour a week. And the "marginally attached workers" include those who have gotten discouraged and stopped looking, but still want to work. The age considered for this calculation is 16 years and over
|
最接近真實的失業率衡量指標,也是小綠自己最常用的失業率衡量指標,小綠認為是符合法定工作年齡的人口中,到底有多少人有工作之比率。換言之,有在工作的人口,占全部年紀上能夠工作之人口比率,即”在職-適齡工作人口比”;比如說一個國家,年紀上是能夠工作的人口一千萬,有工作的人口是600萬,那麼沒工作的人們,就是400萬了。這樣可以排除任何人為操縱勞動力的因素,能顯現一國長期失業的問題,而不去掩蓋它。
因一但失業率的分母能被操縱,整個失業率數字也將變得毫無意義。
在職-適齡工作人口比是這樣衡量出來的:
1.分母的人口,指的是符合法定工作年齡之人口,大部份的國家此人口為15歲~64歲。意即分母是該國全部15歲~64歲之人口。
2.分子則是有工作的人口,不區分是正職還是領時薪,工作不足的打工人口。這點同於U3。換言之,即便是用在職-適齡工作人口比,則仍有低估真實失業率之嫌。雖然在職-適齡工作人口比仍為低估,但至少沒有U3低估得這麼厲害!
在職-適齡工作人口比[2008/1~2013/7] [圖02]
取自美國勞工部
在職-適齡工作人口比[1948/1~2013/7] [圖03]
取自美國勞工部
在職-適齡工作人口比從1948年/1月到2013/7月的整理:
取自美國勞工部
Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
1948 | 56.6 | 56.7 | 56.1 | 56.7 | 56.2 | 57 | 57.1 | 56.6 | 56.6 | 56.5 | 56.5 | 56.8 |
1949 | 56.2 | 56.2 | 56 | 55.7 | 55.4 | 55 | 55 | 55.1 | 55.3 | 54.9 | 55.6 | 55.3 |
1950 | 55.1 | 55.1 | 55.1 | 55.8 | 55.8 | 56.2 | 56.1 | 56.8 | 56.6 | 56.9 | 56.9 | 56.7 |
1951 | 56.9 | 57 | 57.7 | 57.3 | 57.6 | 57.1 | 57.6 | 57.4 | 57.1 | 57.3 | 57.1 | 57.7 |
1952 | 57.7 | 57.7 | 57.1 | 57.1 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57 | 56.8 | 57.4 | 56.9 | 57.5 | 57.6 |
1953 | 57.8 | 58 | 58.1 | 57.5 | 57.1 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 57.1 | 56.8 | 56.7 | 56.5 | 55.7 |
1954 | 55.7 | 56.2 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 55.4 | 55.2 | 55 | 55.2 | 55.5 | 55.5 | 55.5 | 55.2 |
1955 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 55.8 | 56.2 | 56.3 | 56.3 | 56.9 | 57.1 | 57.2 | 57.2 | 57.4 | 57.7 |
1956 | 57.8 | 57.5 | 57.3 | 57.5 | 57.6 | 57.5 | 57.5 | 57.6 | 57.6 | 57.5 | 57.3 | 57.3 |
1957 | 57 | 57.5 | 57.6 | 57.2 | 57.1 | 57.2 | 57.5 | 56.9 | 57 | 56.8 | 56.4 | 56.6 |
1958 | 55.9 | 55.5 | 55.3 | 55.2 | 55.4 | 55.2 | 55.2 | 55.4 | 55.4 | 55.6 | 55.5 | 55.5 |
1959 | 55.7 | 55.5 | 56 | 56.3 | 56.2 | 56.3 | 56.3 | 56.1 | 56 | 56.1 | 55.7 | 56.3 |
1960 | 56 | 56.2 | 55.4 | 56.4 | 56.4 | 56.5 | 56.2 | 56.1 | 56.4 | 55.8 | 56.1 | 55.7 |
1961 | 55.7 | 55.5 | 55.6 | 55.2 | 55.2 | 55.6 | 55.2 | 55.3 | 55 | 55.3 | 55.5 | 55.3 |
1962 | 55.4 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 55.4 | 55.7 | 55.6 | 55.3 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 55.5 | 55.2 | 55.2 |
1963 | 55.2 | 55.1 | 55.3 | 55.5 | 55.3 | 55.3 | 55.4 | 55.4 | 55.5 | 55.5 | 55.4 | 55.3 |
1964 | 55.3 | 55.6 | 55.5 | 55.9 | 56.1 | 55.6 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 55.6 | 55.7 | 55.6 |
1965 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 55.9 | 56 | 56.2 | 56.1 | 56.5 | 56.3 | 56.2 | 56.4 | 56.4 | 56.6 |
1966 | 56.7 | 56.6 | 56.6 | 56.8 | 56.7 | 56.9 | 56.9 | 57 | 57.1 | 57.1 | 57.4 | 57.3 |
1967 | 57.1 | 57 | 56.8 | 57.1 | 57 | 57.3 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 57.5 | 57.5 | 57.6 |
1968 | 57 | 57.3 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 57.8 | 57.8 | 57.6 | 57.5 | 57.5 | 57.5 | 57.6 | 57.7 |
1969 | 57.6 | 57.9 | 57.9 | 57.9 | 57.8 | 58 | 58 | 58.1 | 58.1 | 58.1 | 58.1 | 58.1 |
1970 | 58 | 57.9 | 57.9 | 57.9 | 57.5 | 57.3 | 57.4 | 57.2 | 57 | 57 | 56.9 | 56.7 |
1971 | 56.8 | 56.6 | 56.4 | 56.6 | 56.6 | 56.2 | 56.5 | 56.6 | 56.6 | 56.6 | 56.8 | 56.8 |
1972 | 56.7 | 56.7 | 56.9 | 56.9 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57.1 | 57 | 57 | 57.2 | 57.3 |
1973 | 57.1 | 57.5 | 57.8 | 57.7 | 57.7 | 58 | 57.9 | 57.8 | 57.9 | 58.1 | 58.2 | 58.2 |
1974 | 58.2 | 58.2 | 58.2 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 57.8 | 57.7 | 57.6 | 57.3 | 56.9 |
1975 | 56.4 | 56.1 | 56 | 55.9 | 56 | 55.8 | 56 | 56.1 | 56.1 | 56.1 | 56 | 56.1 |
1976 | 56.4 | 56.5 | 56.7 | 56.8 | 57 | 56.8 | 57 | 57 | 56.9 | 56.9 | 57 | 57 |
1977 | 57 | 57.2 | 57.4 | 57.6 | 57.8 | 57.9 | 57.8 | 58 | 58.1 | 58.2 | 58.6 | 58.7 |
1978 | 58.8 | 58.8 | 58.8 | 59.2 | 59.3 | 59.5 | 59.3 | 59.4 | 59.5 | 59.7 | 59.8 | 59.8 |
1979 | 59.9 | 60.1 | 60 | 59.8 | 59.8 | 59.9 | 60 | 59.8 | 60 | 59.9 | 60 | 60.1 |
1980 | 60 | 60 | 59.7 | 59.4 | 59.1 | 58.9 | 58.8 | 58.8 | 58.9 | 58.9 | 59 | 59 |
1981 | 59.1 | 59.2 | 59.4 | 59.6 | 59.5 | 59 | 59.1 | 59.1 | 58.7 | 58.8 | 58.6 | 58.2 |
1982 | 58.2 | 58.2 | 58.1 | 57.9 | 58.2 | 57.8 | 57.7 | 57.8 | 57.6 | 57.4 | 57.3 | 57.2 |
1983 | 57.2 | 57.1 | 57.1 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.8 | 58.1 | 58.2 | 58.4 | 58.4 | 58.7 | 58.8 |
1984 | 58.8 | 59.1 | 59.1 | 59.3 | 59.7 | 59.9 | 59.8 | 59.6 | 59.7 | 59.7 | 59.8 | 59.9 |
1985 | 59.9 | 60 | 60.2 | 60.1 | 60.1 | 59.8 | 59.9 | 60 | 60.3 | 60.3 | 60.4 | 60.4 |
1986 | 60.6 | 60.3 | 60.5 | 60.5 | 60.5 | 60.7 | 60.8 | 60.8 | 60.8 | 60.9 | 60.9 | 61 |
1987 | 61 | 61.1 | 61.2 | 61.3 | 61.6 | 61.4 | 61.6 | 61.8 | 61.6 | 61.8 | 61.9 | 62 |
1988 | 62 | 62.1 | 61.9 | 62.2 | 62 | 62.3 | 62.3 | 62.4 | 62.4 | 62.5 | 62.7 | 62.6 |
1989 | 62.9 | 62.9 | 62.9 | 62.9 | 62.9 | 63 | 63 | 63.1 | 62.8 | 62.9 | 63 | 63 |
1990 | 63.2 | 63.2 | 63.2 | 63 | 63.1 | 62.9 | 62.8 | 62.7 | 62.5 | 62.5 | 62.3 | 62.2 |
1991 | 62 | 61.9 | 61.8 | 62 | 61.6 | 61.7 | 61.6 | 61.5 | 61.6 | 61.5 | 61.4 | 61.2 |
1992 | 61.5 | 61.3 | 61.5 | 61.6 | 61.5 | 61.5 | 61.6 | 61.6 | 61.4 | 61.3 | 61.4 | 61.4 |
1993 | 61.4 | 61.4 | 61.5 | 61.5 | 61.7 | 61.8 | 61.8 | 62 | 61.7 | 61.8 | 61.9 | 62 |
1994 | 62.2 | 62.3 | 62.1 | 62.3 | 62.5 | 62.3 | 62.3 | 62.6 | 62.7 | 62.9 | 63 | 63.1 |
1995 | 63 | 63.1 | 63.1 | 63.1 | 62.7 | 62.7 | 62.8 | 62.8 | 62.9 | 62.9 | 62.8 | 62.7 |
1996 | 62.7 | 62.9 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63.2 | 63.3 | 63.3 | 63.4 | 63.5 | 63.4 | 63.4 |
1997 | 63.4 | 63.4 | 63.6 | 63.7 | 63.8 | 63.7 | 63.9 | 63.9 | 63.9 | 63.9 | 64.1 | 64 |
1998 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64.1 | 64.1 | 64 | 64 | 63.9 | 64.2 | 64.1 | 64.2 | 64.3 |
1999 | 64.4 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.3 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.3 | 64.4 | 64.4 |
2000 | 64.6 | 64.6 | 64.6 | 64.7 | 64.4 | 64.5 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.3 | 64.4 |
2001 | 64.4 | 64.3 | 64.3 | 64 | 63.8 | 63.7 | 63.7 | 63.2 | 63.5 | 63.2 | 63 | 62.9 |
2002 | 62.7 | 63 | 62.8 | 62.7 | 62.9 | 62.7 | 62.7 | 62.7 | 63 | 62.7 | 62.5 | 62.4 |
2003 | 62.5 | 62.5 | 62.4 | 62.4 | 62.3 | 62.3 | 62.1 | 62.1 | 62 | 62.1 | 62.3 | 62.2 |
2004 | 62.3 | 62.3 | 62.2 | 62.3 | 62.3 | 62.4 | 62.5 | 62.4 | 62.3 | 62.3 | 62.5 | 62.4 |
2005 | 62.4 | 62.4 | 62.4 | 62.7 | 62.8 | 62.7 | 62.8 | 62.9 | 62.8 | 62.8 | 62.7 | 62.8 |
2006 | 62.9 | 63 | 63.1 | 63 | 63.1 | 63.1 | 63 | 63.1 | 63.1 | 63.3 | 63.3 | 63.4 |
2007 | 63.3 | 63.3 | 63.3 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 62.9 | 62.7 | 62.9 | 62.7 | 62.9 | 62.7 |
2008 | 62.9 | 62.8 | 62.7 | 62.7 | 62.5 | 62.4 | 62.2 | 62 | 61.9 | 61.7 | 61.4 | 61 |
2009 | 60.6 | 60.3 | 59.9 | 59.8 | 59.6 | 59.4 | 59.3 | 59.1 | 58.7 | 58.5 | 58.6 | 58.3 |
2010 | 58.5 | 58.5 | 58.5 | 58.7 | 58.6 | 58.5 | 58.5 | 58.5 | 58.5 | 58.3 | 58.2 | 58.3 |
2011 | 58.3 | 58.4 | 58.4 | 58.4 | 58.4 | 58.2 | 58.2 | 58.3 | 58.4 | 58.4 | 58.5 | 58.6 |
2012 | 58.5 | 58.6 | 58.5 | 58.5 | 58.6 | 58.6 | 58.5 | 58.4 | 58.7 | 58.7 | 58.7 | 58.6 |
2013 | 58.6 | 58.6 | 58.5 | 58.6 | 58.6 | 58.7 | 58.7 |
在職-適齡工作人口比[2009/1~2013/7] [圖04]
取自美國勞工部
取自美國勞工部
排除從先前高點向下降,小綠將2009年後的情況單獨拉出來看。
1.從2009年後在職-適齡工作人口比開始下跌後,整個在職-適齡工作人口比,在美國政府宣稱的”復甦”期間(2009~2013/7),幾乎都毫無變化,始終停留在58%到59%間。美國有在工作的人口比率,絲毫沒有增加。
2.目前(2013/7月)的在職-適齡工作人口比是58.7%,和2012年11月的58.7%是完全一樣的。
3.而2013年1月~2013年7月,最低在58.5%,目前(2013/7月)則是在58.7%。
4.從2010/1月到2013/7月,在職-適齡工作人口比從來沒有突破過59%。全都是在58.2%~58.7%徘徊。在一個這麼小的0.5%區間裡面來回遊走,這是什麼復甦?什麼工作機會大量增加?全都是鬼扯!美國就業市場是一灘死水!毫無生氣!也毫無進步可言!
而政府所宣傳的U3失業率降低,這只不過是將勞動力人口減少,所製造出來的假象。只要不斷地有人放棄找工作,則U3失業率則可不斷降低。U3失業率降低的來源,是來自於長期失業的勞工最終放棄找工作,這不但不是喜訊,反而是天大的災難。這就代表,長期結構性失業的族群,潛在犯罪人口,都將越來越多。
美國從任何角度來看,都沒有復甦,只不過,您要從真實的角度去看,而不是從政府的宣傳數字去看,您才能真正看得出來。從政府的U3失業率去看,您只會看到美國溫和復甦,但從在職-適齡工作人口比去看,您會看到失業一點也沒有好轉。
同理,從政府的CPI去看,您只會看到印鈔沒有帶來多大的物價上漲。
同理,從股價、房地產價去看,您只會看到”景氣復甦”,您若沒有眼光,將不會看到,這是印鈔產生的”物價”上漲,在這邊發生而已。只不過,在股市,房地產所產生的”物價”上漲,不會維持太久。因為,股市、房地產不是鈔票的替代品,也就是說,當鈔票出問題時,利率會跟著動,但是鈔票出問題時,是鈔票的替代品會得利,是黃金會得利。是黃金會取代鈔票,而不是股市、房地產會取代鈔票。股市、房地產則會被利率上升給壓垮。
回來原點,整個適齡工作人口當中,有就業的比率,分毫未變。這又是哪一國的復甦。U3的失業率降低,美化數字,玩弄統計學自己騙自己,就叫做”復甦”?可是您把真正的大圖形拉出來看,美國從就業,從勞動市場中來看,一點兒復甦也沒有。
[U6失業率長期圖形,1994/1-2013/7] [圖05]
取自美國勞工部
Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
1994 | 11.8 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10 |
1995 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10 | 10 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 10 | 10 |
1996 | 9.8 | 10 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.5 |
1997 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 8.4 |
1998 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 7.6 |
1999 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
2000 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7 | 7 | 7.1 | 7 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 6.9 |
2001 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.6 |
2002 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.8 |
2003 | 10 | 10.2 | 10 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10 | 9.8 |
2004 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 10 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 9.2 |
2005 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.6 |
2006 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
2007 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.8 |
2008 | 9.2 | 9 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 11 | 11.8 | 12.6 | 13.6 |
2009 | 14.2 | 15.1 | 15.7 | 15.9 | 16.4 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.1 |
2010 | 16.7 | 17 | 17 | 17.1 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 16.8 | 16.7 | 16.9 | 16.6 |
2011 | 16.2 | 16 | 15.8 | 16 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 16 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 16 | 15.5 | 15.2 |
2012 | 15.1 | 15 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 14.4 | 14.4 |
2013 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 14 |
U6的計算方式,較U3嚴謹。他將想要獲得正職,卻只能找得到打工時薪工作的人們,算進去失業率中。因此,U6也比U3接近真實失業率。[但仍然沒有在職-適齡工作人口比真實,U6裡面仍然有勞動力的人為操縱在其中!]
若從上面U6圖形來看,應該沒有太多人覺得美國景氣復甦了吧!但有人會說,從U6上看,雖然沒有明顯復甦,但至少有緩步復甦吧?U6從2010年/2月的失業率17%,”微幅”下降到2013/7月的14%,至少也算有個緩步復甦,不是嗎?
很抱歉,您又被數字給騙了,真實情況是,完全沒有,因為2013年的歐巴馬健保效應,開始發酵,產生了一種廣泛的效果,這種效果,暫時掩蓋住了失業率原本應該要開始惡化的情況,大大拖延了失業率開始惡化的時間點。
因為歐巴馬健保,增加正職員工的成本負擔,歐巴馬健保規定,超過50名員工的雇主,一定要替每週工作30 小時以上的員工,購買健保,換言之,公司要承擔這些人的健保成本,
而領時薪打工不超過30小時的員工,公司不必負擔健保成本。
歐巴馬健保,本來就是一個恐怖的大錢坑,恐怖的大鍋飯,恐怖的社會主義制度,而許許多多的公司,為了規避恐怖的健保成本負擔,裁減原有的正職員工,而用改雇更多領時薪的打工員工取代之,而且這些領時薪的員工,公司會努力使他們的每週工作時數,低於30小時。
於是今年以來,美國的公司,很流行一種”創造”工作法,裁員一個正職員工,將原有的工時,重新聘僱2~3個領時薪的打工員工。
就工作機會淨效果來看,工作機會減少一個,增加三個。是故,這樣子的工作機會分拆,就工作機會來看,等於是額外創造了2個工作機會。但這三個人的總工時,和原來只有一個人的總工時,是一樣的。
請問,這樣能算是"新增"工作嗎?這樣能算是"創造"工作嗎?
我們可以把一個工作拆解成三個工作,交給三個人去做,
然後自己騙自己說,我們又額外創造了兩個工作機會嗎?
無知眾分析師,將美國企業的”分拆”工作,當成是"創造"工作來看,將工作分拆成多個工作,怎麼能算是新增工作?
工作總量根本沒有變化。而且更慘的是,分拆工作後的工時總量,恐怕還比分拆前還少。
也就是說,分拆工作,暫時掩蓋住了工作機會正在減少中的事實。Labor Force來到了史上最低點,美國願意找工作的人,是史上最低點。而新增工作機會,特別是服務業上面的工作,卻全都是這種"分拆"式的工作。
由於歐巴馬健保,
美國的正職工作機會,正在快速減少當中!
而分拆正職工作成為打工工作時,在分拆初期,卻幸運地製造"虛假"的工作機會增加之假象。
這也是U3能虛假好轉,U6能暫時停止惡化的根本原因,
歐巴馬健保的適用門檻,是50個正職員工,換言之,50個以下正職員工的公司,不必負擔歐巴馬健保,超過這個數字不多的公司,會想辦法將超過50以上的正職員工給解雇,並用打工員工取代之。而低於這個數字的公司,也會努力避免任何正職員工的雇用,以免超過50個員工,超過50個員工意謂得要開始負擔歐巴馬健保。
說美國正在復甦的眾分析師們,”您們看錯了數字,休怪數字欺騙了您們”。在這個投資市場中,太多人是無知的,而且這些人無知荒謬的程度令人詫異!
美國只有分拆工作,沒有新增工作的的證據1-下圖為美國實際人均可支配所得增加率,從1960年以來,目前為歷史最低點
若從上面U6圖形來看,應該沒有太多人覺得美國景氣復甦了吧!但有人會說,從U6上看,雖然沒有明顯復甦,但至少有緩步復甦吧?U6從2010年/2月的失業率17%,”微幅”下降到2013/7月的14%,至少也算有個緩步復甦,不是嗎?
很抱歉,您又被數字給騙了,真實情況是,完全沒有,因為2013年的歐巴馬健保效應,開始發酵,產生了一種廣泛的效果,這種效果,暫時掩蓋住了失業率原本應該要開始惡化的情況,大大拖延了失業率開始惡化的時間點。
因為歐巴馬健保,增加正職員工的成本負擔,歐巴馬健保規定,超過50名員工的雇主,一定要替每週工作30 小時以上的員工,購買健保,換言之,公司要承擔這些人的健保成本,
而領時薪打工不超過30小時的員工,公司不必負擔健保成本。
歐巴馬健保,本來就是一個恐怖的大錢坑,恐怖的大鍋飯,恐怖的社會主義制度,而許許多多的公司,為了規避恐怖的健保成本負擔,裁減原有的正職員工,而用改雇更多領時薪的打工員工取代之,而且這些領時薪的員工,公司會努力使他們的每週工作時數,低於30小時。
於是今年以來,美國的公司,很流行一種”創造”工作法,裁員一個正職員工,將原有的工時,重新聘僱2~3個領時薪的打工員工。
就工作機會淨效果來看,工作機會減少一個,增加三個。是故,這樣子的工作機會分拆,就工作機會來看,等於是額外創造了2個工作機會。但這三個人的總工時,和原來只有一個人的總工時,是一樣的。
請問,這樣能算是"新增"工作嗎?這樣能算是"創造"工作嗎?
我們可以把一個工作拆解成三個工作,交給三個人去做,
然後自己騙自己說,我們又額外創造了兩個工作機會嗎?
無知眾分析師,將美國企業的”分拆”工作,當成是"創造"工作來看,將工作分拆成多個工作,怎麼能算是新增工作?
工作總量根本沒有變化。而且更慘的是,分拆工作後的工時總量,恐怕還比分拆前還少。
也就是說,分拆工作,暫時掩蓋住了工作機會正在減少中的事實。Labor Force來到了史上最低點,美國願意找工作的人,是史上最低點。而新增工作機會,特別是服務業上面的工作,卻全都是這種"分拆"式的工作。
由於歐巴馬健保,
美國的正職工作機會,正在快速減少當中!
而分拆正職工作成為打工工作時,在分拆初期,卻幸運地製造"虛假"的工作機會增加之假象。
這也是U3能虛假好轉,U6能暫時停止惡化的根本原因,
歐巴馬健保的適用門檻,是50個正職員工,換言之,50個以下正職員工的公司,不必負擔歐巴馬健保,超過這個數字不多的公司,會想辦法將超過50以上的正職員工給解雇,並用打工員工取代之。而低於這個數字的公司,也會努力避免任何正職員工的雇用,以免超過50個員工,超過50個員工意謂得要開始負擔歐巴馬健保。
說美國正在復甦的眾分析師們,”您們看錯了數字,休怪數字欺騙了您們”。在這個投資市場中,太多人是無知的,而且這些人無知荒謬的程度令人詫異!
美國只有分拆工作,沒有新增工作的的證據1-下圖為美國實際人均可支配所得增加率,從1960年以來,目前為歷史最低點
美國只有分拆工作,沒有新增工作的的證據2-
美國中位數資產,世界排名跌到第27。何謂中位數,簡單說,美國財產金額由最高排到最低,剛好在最中央的那一個人,即為中位數。
換言之,美國中位數的那一個人,剛好有一半的人財產比他多,而另外一半的人比他少。可以說是最為”中產”的中產階級。中產階級的資產餘額,美國竟然是世界排名第27名!
美國中產階級的財富,輸澳洲、新加坡、瑞士、紐西蘭、加拿大這些國家還不打緊,畢竟這些國家都不算是窮國。但美國中產階級的財富竟然輸給了西班牙,還輸給了賽普勒斯。賽普勒斯才剛金融危機大倒帳過,而西班牙是歐債危機重災區,美國竟然輸給了西班牙及賽普勒斯?
中產階級被掏空了,還談什麼美國霸權?中產階級世界排名世界第27的世界第1美國霸權?
圖片取自zerohedge:
http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-07-23/how-does-america%E2%80%99s-middle-class-rank-globally-27
美國中位數資產,世界排名跌到第27。何謂中位數,簡單說,美國財產金額由最高排到最低,剛好在最中央的那一個人,即為中位數。
換言之,美國中位數的那一個人,剛好有一半的人財產比他多,而另外一半的人比他少。可以說是最為”中產”的中產階級。中產階級的資產餘額,美國竟然是世界排名第27名!
美國中產階級的財富,輸澳洲、新加坡、瑞士、紐西蘭、加拿大這些國家還不打緊,畢竟這些國家都不算是窮國。但美國中產階級的財富竟然輸給了西班牙,還輸給了賽普勒斯。賽普勒斯才剛金融危機大倒帳過,而西班牙是歐債危機重災區,美國竟然輸給了西班牙及賽普勒斯?
中產階級被掏空了,還談什麼美國霸權?中產階級世界排名世界第27的世界第1美國霸權?
圖片取自zerohedge:
http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-07-23/how-does-america%E2%80%99s-middle-class-rank-globally-27
美國中產階級 財富排名輸台灣
【聯合報╱編譯任中原/報導】 2013.07.26 03:33 am 美國被視為全球最富裕的國家,然而美國中產階級的財富淨額在全球僅排到第廿七名,比台灣的第廿二名還不如。針對美國貧富不均的情況益發嚴重,美國總統歐巴馬廿四日強調,未來政策將聚焦於重振中產階級的經濟地位。 據瑞士信貸銀行發表的「二○一二年全球財富資料報告」中指出,澳洲中產階級的財富位居世界第一,約十九萬四千美元(約台幣五百八十萬元);台灣約四萬五千五百美元(約台幣一百卅六萬元),美國約三萬八千八百美元(約台幣一百一十六萬元)。 |
這份報告是以一國民眾擁有財富的「中位數(中間值而非平均值)」作為評比標準。財富包括個人擁有的住宅、銀行存款、股票、債券等所有資產,再減去個人的貸款餘額及其他債務後,所得的財富淨值。 美國雖是全球最富有的國家,擁有最多的百萬富翁與億萬富豪。但美國中產階級的財富與其他國家相比,排名不斷倒退,二○一二年已落到全球第廿七名,主因是貧 富差距持續擴大,背後肇因包括:美國沒有全民健保、勞工缺乏保障、華爾街金融業失控、教育成本不斷升高、租稅制度偏向富人、有錢人主導政治及掌控媒體,以 及全球化與自動化生產普及。 美國總統歐巴馬廿四日發表經濟演說時指出,由於全球化、華爾街不負責任及華府的政策衝突,使美國中產階級陷入所得停滯及發展空間縮小的窘境,但最有錢的人卻累積更多財富。他宣布將以扭轉這種趨勢作為「我最優先的要務」。 歐巴馬強調,現在必須終結永無休止的抗議行動及監聽醜聞,「我們必須聚焦於跟大部分民眾切身相關的基本經濟問題」,並重申他的主要經濟計畫,包括發展新能源、重振製造業、擴大修建道路、橋梁及港口等公共建設,普及學前教育及提高基本工資等。 他強調,如果共和黨不合作,「我們將打電話給企業執行長、慈善家、大學校長、勞工領袖,以及任何能夠對我們提供助力的人。」但共和黨籍的眾議院議長貝納則表示「他們做成了那些事?完全沒有,都是空包彈。」參議院共和黨領袖麥康納也指出,「這些老早就說過。都是老梗。」 【2013/07/26 聯合報】 全文網址: 美國中產階級 財富排名輸台灣 | 國際財經 | 全球觀察 | 聯合新聞網 http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR2/8053459.shtml#ixzz2a9oBNjjA Power By udn.com |
美國只有分拆工作,沒有新增工作的的證據3 –
分析師Dan Alpert從美國Job Report 得到結論:“我們已經變成了一個滿是在餐廳裡煎漢堡員工的國家。”
美國的確已經變成了煎漢堡員工、低薪打工員工充斥的國家,只是看分析師有沒有經濟學”常識”分析得出來而已。小綠所有的分析,全都是古典經濟學就能推得的常識,全都不需要用偏微分計算,就能得到。
“We Have Become a Nation of Hamburger Flippers”: Dan Alpert Breaks Down the Jobs Report
By Aaron Task | Daily Ticker –
2013/8/2
http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/daily-ticker/become-nation-hamburger-flippers-dan-alpert-breaks-down-145831220.html
At 162,000, the July jobs report fell short of expectations and well shy of “whisper” numbers for payroll figures above 200,000. In addition, job tallies were revised down for May and June and average hourly earnings fell 0.1% in July, the first decline since October.
The data disappointed Wall Street economists but are consistent with the trends Dan Alpert, managing partner at Westwood Capital, cited in a recent report: “The fact is that the U.S. employment situation is more of a wounded beast than a bull,” he writes.
According to Alpert’s analysis, 69% of the jobs created in the second quarter – and 57% in the first half of 2013 – were in the three lowest-paying sectors of the economy: retail trade, administrative and waste services, and leisure and hospitality. These jobs, which account for 33% of all private sector jobs, pay an average of $15.80 per hour.
“What you’re seeing is now the spreading of low wage growth,” he says, noting those trends continued in Friday's July jobs report. “Really we have become a nation of hamburger flippers, Wal-Mart sales associates, barmaids, checkout people and other people working at very low wages.”
The growth of low-wage jobs helps explain why the majority of Americans continue to believe the economy is in recession, despite a falling unemployment rate – now down to a four-year low of 7.4% – a record-setting stock market rally and a rebound in the housing market.
Related: $2 Trillion Shadow Economy Not Counted in Jobs Numbers
Taking it a step further, Alpert says the low-wage trend also explains why GDP growth remains so weak despite monthly average private sector job growth of nearly 200,000 in the past year.
“The bottom line is a lot of people are coming off unemployment,” which works out to around $12 per hour if you include Food Stamps, he says. “So a $15 wage to work has no impact… you’re not increasing consumption or the ability [of workers] to go out and buy stuff."
As a result, the economy isn't getting the usual "second derivative" benefit of payroll growth whereby more people working leads to more economic activity and additional job creation, Alpert says. "That’s why GDP and retail sales numbers are so lackluster.”
Check the accompanying video to see more analysis of the data and what it means for Fed policy.
分析師Dan Alpert從美國Job Report 得到結論:“我們已經變成了一個滿是在餐廳裡煎漢堡員工的國家。”
美國的確已經變成了煎漢堡員工、低薪打工員工充斥的國家,只是看分析師有沒有經濟學”常識”分析得出來而已。小綠所有的分析,全都是古典經濟學就能推得的常識,全都不需要用偏微分計算,就能得到。
“We Have Become a Nation of Hamburger Flippers”: Dan Alpert Breaks Down the Jobs Report
By Aaron Task | Daily Ticker –
2013/8/2
http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/daily-ticker/become-nation-hamburger-flippers-dan-alpert-breaks-down-145831220.html
At 162,000, the July jobs report fell short of expectations and well shy of “whisper” numbers for payroll figures above 200,000. In addition, job tallies were revised down for May and June and average hourly earnings fell 0.1% in July, the first decline since October.
The data disappointed Wall Street economists but are consistent with the trends Dan Alpert, managing partner at Westwood Capital, cited in a recent report: “The fact is that the U.S. employment situation is more of a wounded beast than a bull,” he writes.
According to Alpert’s analysis, 69% of the jobs created in the second quarter – and 57% in the first half of 2013 – were in the three lowest-paying sectors of the economy: retail trade, administrative and waste services, and leisure and hospitality. These jobs, which account for 33% of all private sector jobs, pay an average of $15.80 per hour.
“What you’re seeing is now the spreading of low wage growth,” he says, noting those trends continued in Friday's July jobs report. “Really we have become a nation of hamburger flippers, Wal-Mart sales associates, barmaids, checkout people and other people working at very low wages.”
The growth of low-wage jobs helps explain why the majority of Americans continue to believe the economy is in recession, despite a falling unemployment rate – now down to a four-year low of 7.4% – a record-setting stock market rally and a rebound in the housing market.
Related: $2 Trillion Shadow Economy Not Counted in Jobs Numbers
Taking it a step further, Alpert says the low-wage trend also explains why GDP growth remains so weak despite monthly average private sector job growth of nearly 200,000 in the past year.
“The bottom line is a lot of people are coming off unemployment,” which works out to around $12 per hour if you include Food Stamps, he says. “So a $15 wage to work has no impact… you’re not increasing consumption or the ability [of workers] to go out and buy stuff."
As a result, the economy isn't getting the usual "second derivative" benefit of payroll growth whereby more people working leads to more economic activity and additional job creation, Alpert says. "That’s why GDP and retail sales numbers are so lackluster.”
Check the accompanying video to see more analysis of the data and what it means for Fed policy.
美國只有分拆工作,沒有新增工作的的證據4-
麥當勞,漢堡王,及溫蒂漢堡的時薪打工員工抗議薪水太低。[麥當勞等速食業者,不願意給他們每週30小時以上的工時,以規避歐巴馬健保。所以這些被新聘雇的員工,滿心歡喜的去上班,結果才發現,他們是拿到了”分拆”後的工作,而不是真正完整的工作,他們的工時都很低。找到工作後才發現能做的工作時數太低,每天僅能做一兩個鐘頭,薪資總額根本無法養活自己]
http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/fast-food-workers-nyc-stage-strikes-rallies-19806966
Fast-Food Workers in NYC Stage Strikes, Rallies
By BETHAN MCKERNAN and JON GERBERG Associated Press
NEW YORK July 29, 2013 (AP)
Workers at McDonald's, Burger King and Wendy's restaurants across New York walked out Monday in a one-day strike to demand better pay and the right to unionize, calling for minimum wage to more than double from $7.25 to $15 an hour and the end to what activists called "abusive labor practices."
"It's noisy, it's really hot, fast, they rush you. Sometimes you don't even get breaks. All for $7.25? It's crazy," said Nathalia Sepulveda, who works at a McDonald's opposite Yankee Stadium in the Bronx, where one protest took place.
Outside the McDonald's as well as a Wendy's in lower Manhattan, workers chanted "we can't survive on $7.25" and "supersize our wages." At the Wendy's, the crowd shouted at customers not to go in and two police officers were stationed inside.
They were among hundreds of people who took part at locations throughout New York, activists said. Similar strikes were planned across the country this week, organized by the national Fast Food Forward campaign, which was launched last year to tackle stagnating wages and the proliferation of low-wage jobs as the nation recovers from the recession, said campaign director Jonathan Westin.
"The workers' actions will lift up all of New York City," he said. "If they have more money in their pockets, they'll spend it right here, helping to boost the entire economy."
Doubling the minimum wage would have a "significant effect on the private sector's ability to create jobs, especially those typically filled by first-time workers and teens," said Scott DeFife of the National Restaurant Association. McDonald's had directed requests for comment to the trade group.
Spokesmen for Burger King and Wendy's both said they respect the rights of their workers.
"We're proud that Wendy's provides a place where thousands of people with different backgrounds and education levels can enter the workforce," said Wendy's spokesman Bob Bertini.
Glenda Soto, 35, a single mother supporting four children said that though she works full-time and often puts in 13-hour days at the Bronx McDonald's, money is a constant headache.
"My rent is going up in September," she said. "We are already living paycheck to paycheck."
Many workers brought their families with them, including children.
"We're a movement, we're a team," Sepulveda said as she held the hand of her 3-year-old son, Hayden.
The striking workers in Manhattan were joined by politicians and community leaders, including U.S. Rep. Jerrold Nadler, a Democrat who represents the district. He said the fact that the fast food industry is worth $200 billion a year and yet many of its employees still rely on food stamps and Medicaid is "disgusting."
Ashley Pinkney, who works at McDonald's in Times Square, arrived at the downtown rally still in her uniform.
"I can't even order something off the menu with what I earn," she said. "It makes me wonder what I'm even doing there."
Doubling the minimum wage would have a "significant effect on the private sector's ability to create jobs, especially those typically filled by first-time workers and teens," said Scott DeFife of the National Restaurant Association. McDonald's had directed requests for comment to the trade group.
Spokesmen for Burger King and Wendy's both said they respect the rights of their workers.
"We're proud that Wendy's provides a place where thousands of people with different backgrounds and education levels can enter the workforce," said Wendy's spokesman Bob Bertini.
Glenda Soto, 35, a single mother supporting four children said that though she works full-time and often puts in 13-hour days at the Bronx McDonald's, money is a constant headache.
"My rent is going up in September," she said. "We are already living paycheck to paycheck."
Many workers brought their families with them, including children.
"We're a movement, we're a team," Sepulveda said as she held the hand of her 3-year-old son, Hayden.
The striking workers in Manhattan were joined by politicians and community leaders, including U.S. Rep. Jerrold Nadler, a Democrat who represents the district. He said the fact that the fast food industry is worth $200 billion a year and yet many of its employees still rely on food stamps and Medicaid is "disgusting."
Ashley Pinkney, who works at McDonald's in Times Square, arrived at the downtown rally still in her uniform.
"I can't even order something off the menu with what I earn," she said. "It makes me wonder what I'm even doing there."
美國只有分拆工作,沒有新增工作的的證據5- U3失業率下降是假的,因勞動參與率下降,長期失業者被美國勞工局給強迫"退休"了。但分拆工作導致工作時數下降是降真的
美就業報告 失業降薪卻減
【聯合報╱編譯任中原/報導】
2013.08.03 03:35 am
美國勞工部二日公布就業報告的數字相當分歧:失業率從六月的百分之七點六明顯下降到百分之七點四,優於預估;但非農業就業人數僅增加十六萬二千人,是四個月來最低水平,也低於預估,平均薪資及每周工時也都減少。顯示就業市場甚不平均,美股三大指數接近午盤時均小跌。
勞工部指出,七月民間企業就業人數增加十六萬一千人,比市場預估的十九萬五千人低出甚多。平均每小時薪資下降百分之○點一,為廿三點九八美元(約台幣七百廿元),是去年十月以來首次出現下降;過去十二個月來薪資累計提高百分之一點九。平均每周工時也由六月的卅四點五小時,縮短到卅四點四小時。勞動參與率從百分之六十三點五降到六十三點四。
專家指出,新增就業人數減少,顯示雇主相信不需要增加人手,就能滿足市場需求。穆迪分析公司資深經濟學者契斯特表示:「就業市場仍然艱難。聯邦政府削減支出對經濟造成打擊,也對就業不利。」各產業的就業情況也差別甚大。零售業就業人數增加近四萬七千人,創八個月來高峰,單單亞馬遜網路公司就增雇七千人。但教育及醫療服務業就業增加的人數,卻是一年來最低水平。營建業雇用人數減少;製造業卻出現五個月來首次增加,主要是福特汽車增僱員工。
【2013/08/03 聯合報】
全文網址: 美就業報告 失業降薪卻減 | 美國新聞 | 全球觀察 | 聯合新聞網 http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR6/8071763.shtml#ixzz2avKZ698x
Power By udn.com
美國只有分拆工作,沒有新增工作的的證據6- 美國在2013年以來,新增的工作,77%都是打工的工作。2013年總新增工作953,000個,其中有731,000個工作都是打工的工作。這是最好的明證,證明沒有新增工作,而是分拆工作。分拆工作分拆得如此厲害的美國就業市場,什麼復甦?
http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-08-02/obamacare-full-frontal-953000-jobs-created-2013-77-or-731000-are-part-time
[2013/08/07 新增]
美國只有分拆工作,沒有新增工作的的證據7-若不是勞動力減少(失業者不斷地被美國勞工局給"退休"掉),美國即便是失業率被嚴重低估的官方U3失業率,也不是7.4%,而是10.6%。
官方的U3失業率,是失業者被"退休"掉後的結果,還原這些莫名其妙的"退休"者,美國的官方U3失業率將會是10.6%!
[這還是在還沒考慮到"分拆"工作,有工作之人口比率被灌水之前的數字。]
http://news.investors.com/photopopup.aspx?path=WEBjob0805.gif&docId=666216&xmpSource=&width=800&height=551&caption=
[圖11]
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